Macromolecules,
Biomolecules,
Organic Compunds
|
Elements
*From
the Periodic Table of Elements
|
Subunits
Monomers,
Building Blocks
|
Functions:
Why
are they important?
|
Examples:
Where
can we find them?
|
Test(s)
|
Carbohydrates
|
C,H,O
Carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen
1:2:1
ratio
Ex:
C6H12O6
Glucose
(simple sugar)
|
Carbohydrates are built by
combining monosaccharides (simple sugars)
|
*Short-term energy
storage
*Quick-release
energy
|
*Starch
*Glycogen (liver)
*Sugars – glucose, fructose, sucrose
*Celluose – plant cell walls
|
Iodine: turns purple/blue in the presence of
starch
Benedict’s Solution: turns copper in the
presence of simple sugars such as glucose
|
Lipids:
Fats
|
C,H, very little O
Carbon,
hydrogen, very little oxygen
|
Fatty
Acids
|
*Insulation:
store body heat
*Protection:
cell membranes
*Long-term
energy storage
|
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Steroids
Cholesterol
|
Brown
Paper Bag Test
|
Nucleic
Acids
Found in the cell nucleus
|
C,H,O,N,P
Carbon,
Hydrogen
Oxygen,
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
|
Nucleotides
made of:
1) Nitrogen base
2) Sugar compound
3) Phosphate group
|
Store and transmit genetic information
|
DNA
Deoxyribonucleicacid
Sugar: deoxyribose
RNA
Ribonucleicacid
Sugar: ribose
|
None
|
Proteins
|
C,H,N,O, P,S
Carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
|
Amino Acids
*Joined by peptide bonds to
form a polypeptide chain (protein)
|
*Change the rate of
chemical reactions (enzymes)
*regulate cell processes
*Give bodies structure
*Transport materials into and out of the cell
Ex: oxygen (hemoglobin)
|
*Enzymes
End
in “ase”
* Hemoglobin
|
Biuret
Test: blue solution turns violet in the presence of proteins or any molecule
with peptide bonds
|
