Tuesday, September 2, 2014

Macromolecules and Properties of Water


Macromolecule Comparison Chart        Organic molecules are based on CARBON.


Macromolecules,
Biomolecules,
Organic Compunds
Elements
*From the Periodic Table of Elements
Subunits
Monomers,
Building Blocks
Functions:
Why are they important?
Examples:
Where can we find them?
Test(s)
Carbohydrates
C,H,O
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
1:2:1 ratio
Ex:
C6H12O6
Glucose (simple sugar)
Carbohydrates are built by combining monosaccharides (simple sugars)
*Short-term energy storage
*Quick-release energy
*Starch
*Glycogen (liver)
*Sugars – glucose, fructose, sucrose
*Celluose – plant cell walls
Iodine: turns purple/blue in the presence of starch
Benedict’s Solution: turns copper in the presence of simple sugars such as glucose
Lipids: Fats
C,H, very little O
Carbon, hydrogen, very little oxygen
Fatty Acids
*Insulation: store body heat
*Protection: cell membranes
*Long-term energy storage
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Steroids
Cholesterol
Brown Paper Bag Test
Nucleic Acids
Found in the cell nucleus
C,H,O,N,P
Carbon, Hydrogen
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Nucleotides
made of:
1) Nitrogen base
2) Sugar compound
3) Phosphate group
Store and transmit genetic information
DNA
Deoxyribonucleicacid
Sugar: deoxyribose
RNA
Ribonucleicacid
Sugar: ribose
None
Proteins
C,H,N,O,  P,S
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
Amino Acids
*Joined by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain (protein)
*Change the rate of  chemical reactions (enzymes)
*regulate cell processes
*Give bodies structure
*Transport materials into and out of the cell
Ex: oxygen (hemoglobin)
*Enzymes
End in “ase”
* Hemoglobin
Biuret Test: blue solution turns violet in the presence of proteins or any molecule with peptide bonds

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Properties of Water

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