Macromolecules and Properties of Water

Macromolecule Comparison Chart        Organic molecules are based on CARBON.

Macromolecules, Biomolecules, Organic Compunds	Elements *From the Periodic Table of Elements	Subunits Monomers, Building Blocks	Functions: Why are they important?	Examples: Where can we find them?	Test(s)
Carbohydrates	C,H,O Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 1:2:1 ratio Ex: C6H12O6 Glucose (simple sugar)	Carbohydrates are built by combining monosaccharides (simple sugars)	*Short-term energy storage *Quick-release energy	*Starch *Glycogen (liver) *Sugars – glucose, fructose, sucrose *Celluose – plant cell walls	Iodine: turns purple/blue in the presence of starch Benedict’s Solution: turns copper in the presence of simple sugars such as glucose
Lipids: Fats	C,H, very little O Carbon, hydrogen, very little oxygen	Fatty Acids	*Insulation: store body heat *Protection: cell membranes *Long-term energy storage	Fats Oils Waxes Steroids Cholesterol	Brown Paper Bag Test
Nucleic Acids Found in the cell nucleus	C,H,O,N,P Carbon, Hydrogen Oxygen, Nitrogen Phosphorus	Nucleotides made of: 1) Nitrogen base 2) Sugar compound 3) Phosphate group	Store and transmit genetic information	DNA Deoxyribonucleicacid Sugar: deoxyribose RNA Ribonucleicacid Sugar: ribose	None
Proteins	C,H,N,O,  P,S Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur	Amino Acids *Joined by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain (protein)	*Change the rate of  chemical reactions (enzymes) *regulate cell processes *Give bodies structure *Transport materials into and out of the cell Ex: oxygen (hemoglobin)	*Enzymes End in “ase” * Hemoglobin	Biuret Test: blue solution turns violet in the presence of proteins or any molecule with peptide bonds

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Properties of Water